Voltaire and Rabelais

Voltaire and Rabelais satirize war and religion in their works. Voltaire goes after religious hypocrisy in chapter trio of Candide. An orator asks Candide whether or non he supports the good reasonableness. Candide, being a man of reason, responds by saying there is no effect with divulge a cause. The orator, feeling challenged by Candides reaction challenges him effective back by asking Candide if he believes the Pope to be the Anti-Christ. Candide doesnt know and changes the subject bringing up the fact that hes hungry.The orator declares that Candide does non deserve to at because of his lack of affirmation toward believing in the Anti-Christ. The orators married woman suddenly enters the scene and sees Candide as one who does not believe that the Pope was Anti-Christ. She proceeds to pour chip on his head. This is an example of Voltaire Jabbing at Protestants and Catholics of the world. He is exempting his views, through the use of satire, on religion. War is an diabolic t hat is satirized in Candide. Voltaire as a foundation for his war satire uses the Bulgarians.Voltaire explains on page 13 how the Bulgarians seized Candide and because gave him the option to be thrashed thirty-six clippings by the whole egiment, or receive twelve cartroad bullets at once in his brain. Candide decides to run the gauntlet but comes up somewhat 34 short. He pleads that the Judges would Just smash his head instead. Voltaire shows more war satire on page 14 in Candide when the Bulgarians burn down the Abarian village in accordance with the rules of international law. Voltaire satirizes war in another sense.He goes on in chapter three by writing about the atrocities that the Bulgarian soldiers would indulge in. not only did they kill people but they also raped, disemboweled, and dismembered innocent women and children. As a involvement of fact, Candides was adept as a soldier by being abused and pummeled. Voltaire uses this to show his hatred toward the cruel and consummate(a) acts of war and which such belligerent groups like the Bulgarian soldiers demonstrated. Voltaire believed these acts of injustice to be morally wrong. Voltaire in this portion of Candide is now showing his true thoughts towards Leibnizs theory of optimism.Leibniz believes that if this is the best of all possible worlds then innocent women and children would not be slaughtered and dehumanized and there would be no bloodthirsty Bulgarians. Rabelais rejects all types of war. On page 299 Grandgousier explains his thoughts to Picrochole about going to war l shall n ever sotheless go to war before trying all the liberal arts and counsellings of peace. Of that I am resolved. This shows Rabelais opposition to war. Rabelais also mentions Pangrues absurd Justification of the killing of 660 knights on pages 124-125 of Gargantua and Pantagruel.Pangurge says to them Gentlemen, I believe you have brought some harm on yourselves. We are sorry, but it was none of our doing it was because of the lubricity of the sea-water sea-water is eternally a lubri set upt and we entrust ourselves to your good pleasure. This example of satire lso shows Rabelais opposition to war. In canto XVII in breeds 92 and 93 ot Dantes Purgatorio Dantes guide Virgil explains to Dante the two types of love (natural and mind directed) and the differences between them. He goes on to explain to Dante that some people choose to love the wrong thing or sin by agreeable something too much or something not enough.Virgils main point of his speech is that love is the inspiration to peoples action. roll in the hay is the only thing that motivates people. Love and Justice are basically one in the same. According to Dante, god created the Justice system (the system we see throughout Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven) based out of love. And because love inspires Justice, love and truth are matter-of-factly synonymous. It is safe now to connect this Justice to the gift deity gives to man. In Para diso Dante explains on page 43 in canto V on specifys 20-30 Gods greatest gift.Lines 20-22 specifically give the contributor Dantes interpretation of Gods grace Gods greatest gift, the gift in which mankind is most like Him, the gift by Him most prized, is the freedom He bestowed upon the will. Goodness comes from free will according to Dante. On line 27 Dante goes on to remind readers that God ives his consent when one consents. It is in this sense that we must net that condemnable exists in this world even off though God is good. Voltaire, a very skeptical man, believed that people did not gain what they deserved.He makes it clear through his satire that he was against Leibnizs idea of life being the best of both worlds. Voltaire says that evil is random. It comes at random moments Just as the 1746 and 1755 earthquakes in Lima, Peru and Lisbon, Portugal did. There was an imbalance of Justice at this time because Jews were assumed to be the cause for this natural disaster a nd then publically killed for their wrongdoings. People believed that the disaster happened because God was angry. However Voltaires point is proven when the second earthquake strikes. He is proving that things Just have the ability to sporadically happen.Three deists influenced Voltaire John Locke, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. Their theories encouraged Voltaire to understand that there is no balance of Justice. To explain his point Voltaire creates the character Dr. Pangloss a wholehearted believer of Leibnizs philosophy. Voltaire discreetly states Leibnizs idea early on Candide by stating on page 16, Dr. Pangloss was respectable in telling me that all is for the best in this world . To contrast Pangloss, Voltaire creates Martin, a more practical takeer to point out the flaws of Leibnizs philosophy. St.Augustine understands that solved his problem of evil by believing that there was a lack of worthiness in something. He explains that if something is corruptible and thus evil then it is good by nature because it exists. If something can be tarnished by means of evil or by vices its because there is goodness that can be taken away from it. Basically saying that everything is good because it is corruptible St. Augustine explains himself on the shadow of page 127 of his Confessions And I made an effort o understand what I had heard, that free will is the cause of our doing evil 3) Quote A is taken from Act l, Scene Ill, lines 201-207 of Shakespeares study strength Hamlet IV. In this division we see another classic ABA rhyme scheme. Hotspur, a very valiant soldier, is worried about his maintain. He is demonstrating his concern for his honor by ranting on about his excitement to take down King Henry. Hotspurs initiative is so strong that he claims, on line 202, that it would not be difficult for him nominate honor from the pale-taced moon. This is Shakespeares way ot saying that Hotspur could get light from the sun, or the pale-faced moon.Shakespeare continues in this overtaking with a clothing illustration in lines 206-209. Hotspur is saying that his honor would show the same way garments show on people. These lines show that hes not only ready for battle but also that he has a very tangible idea of honor. Honor, according to Falstaff is useless because it means nothing if youre dead. Fallstaffs view of honor clearly undercuts Hotspurs. Falstaff sees honor in a different sense. He sees it as something that is useless. This is an important quote that relates to the larger work because it shows an aspect that is seen throughout the story honor.Honor, as we earn throughout King Henry V, is comprehend in a different sense in the end of the book. It goes from a goal to be achieved with instruction to something that is more personable and to be reached to a more personal idea to treasure. Quote B is from Chapter 20 of Candide. On page 68 Martin is explaining how corrupt the world can be. Candide does not believe Martin when he says that he is indeed a Manichaean. This quote puts into perspective Voltaires idea of the world and how he believed it to be a cruel place.This quote relates to the larger work because it reinforces what Voltaire is attempting to get across to the reader. The corrupt families who seek to destroy others and acquire power through it are examples of an evil that comes from his belief that bad things can still happen even in a world where there is goodness. Quote C is from Dantes Paradiso on page 134, Canto XIII, line 130-135. In this career we see Dante apply his standard ABA rhyme scheme. St. Thomas of Aquinas is giving Dante advice. He is warn is warning Dante not to Judge too soon because things could change and go the opposite way.He explains this through two metaphors. He explains how a bush has the capability to lose all of its leaves but hen finally blossom to a beautiful rose when the springtime comes around. By these two examples St. Thomas means that a change can pop u p out of nowhere. He explains his point in another fashion on this in the third stanza of this passage in lines 133-135. These lines explain that St. Thomas has seen a strong ship sail and eventually sink Just as it was about to set anchor at its port. Quote D is a portion of Rabelais Gargantul and Pantagruel on page 229 of chapter six.Gargantua crying is being described here. It is explained that if he were to start crying out of annoyance then he would drink all of his tears and use them to bring im back to his master condition. Quote E is a passage from Shakespeares Hamlet. In this quote Ophelia is commenting on how she misses when Hamlets mind was noble. Shes beginning to realize now that Hamlet is going mad. She claims that he wouldVe been considered noble and possibly a King if he had not gone so mad when she says Th expectancy and rose of the fair state on line 166.She goes on to note that he used to be idolized by all. She explains this by saying on line 167 that he was The glass of fashion and the mold of form. The glass of fashion is Shakespeare using a metaphor for saying that he was respected by all. When she says, the observers quite, quite down she is commenting that the observers of Hamlet no longer think of him the same way they used to. This passage is basically Ophelia realizing that Hamlet is changing and she cannot believe it. This quote relates to the larger work, Hamlet because it sums up basically the thoughts ot the rest ot the kingdom.Ophelia speaks tor everyone else when she says notes that Hamlets behavior has drastically changed. As the story goes on it changes even more and more as we learn how complex of a character Hamlet is. Quote F is taken from page 43 of Beowulf, specifically lines 2529-2531. This assage follows the speech that Beowulf gives his warriors. Beowulf, who is getting old and worn down, explains to his men the immenseness of this battle. He salutes his men then explains that he will not give up no matter what. T he brave warrior that this passage describes is indeed Beowulf.The poet is emphasizing the fact that he is indeed the bravest of all warriors the Danes have ever seen. The poet hopes to get the reader to comprehend the amount of courage he has for standing up to the dragon to fight down his honor and his community. This quote relates to the larger work because it clearly shows the Beowulfs heroic qualities. It also relates to the larger work because it shows a Germanic value. Beowulf is showing that hes not afraid of death. Quote G is a passage from Part IV, lines 2025-2030 of Sir Gawain and the dark-green Knight.The narrator is explaining the gear that Gawain is putting on as he gets ready for his rendezvous with the Green Knight. The poet is using alliteration to give better detail of the attire Gawain is donning. The garner R is used significantly on line 2025, the letter C on line 2026, the letter S on line 2027, the letter W on line 2029, and both letters L and G are used a t the same time in line 2030. The poet aims to grasp the eaders attention at the beauty of his battle outfit. However the last line of this passage is most important Yet he left not his love-gift, the ladys corset.The hostss wife promises to Gawain that this magic girdle save from one from death. This quote relates to the larger work because this girdle ends up being a major symbol of the book. The girdle is a way to show that Gawain is weak for using it as a way of cheating to survive against the Green Knight. Quote H is from Act Ill Scene II of Shakespeares Hamlet. In this scene Hamlet makes it clear to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that he is not tricked by their phony riendship. In Hamlets speech from lines 393-402 Shakespeare uses a play on words with a musical metaphor.Pluck, an action used to play a run instrument, is said on line 395. Hamlet is accusing his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern of playing him. The same way a histrion would pluck (play) a string instrument. Another music reference Shakespeare makes is found on lines 396-397. The lines read you would clayey me from my lowest note my compass A note is basically a note or cant that is made from an instrument. Here Hamlet is saying that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern bring him up and down yet he is not fazed by it.